What is Textile Fiber?
Properties of Textile Fibres:
All fibers are not textile fiber. To become a textile fiber it should have some characteristics. One important characteristic is length; to become a textile fiber it should have at least 5 mm length then it will be spin able and it must be supple, flexible and strong enough.
Classification of Fiber Properties:
Commonly textile fiber can be classified in two ways:
A. Primary properties of textile fibers
B. Secondary properties of textile fibers
A. Primary properties of textile fibers:
I have given the physical properties name with their unit. A textile fiber should have the following physical properties. They are as follow:
To identify a textile fiber, following properties plays an important role. Chemical properties are-
The properties that describe a material's ability to compress, stretch, bend, scratch, dent, or break
All of textile fibers have its own structure by which it can be identify.
-Longitudinal View
7. Biological Properties of Fiber:
It is the property of fiber or material when a torsional force is applied on it. Here Torsional force is a twisting force that is applied on the two ends of the material in two opposite direction. The behaviors which are shown by a textile material when it is subjected to a torsional force is called torsional property.
Textile fibers are the materials at natural or artificial origin which has a high length to width ratio and with suitable characteristics which can be converted into yarn and fabric for clothing by interlacing or interloping; may be natural or manufactured; the smallest component, hair like in nature, that can be separated from a fabric. In simple words, a slender filament or fine strand of sufficient length, pliability, fineness, flexibility and strength to be spun into yarns and woven into cloth is called textile fiber.
Properties of Textile Fibres:
All fibers are not textile fiber. To become a textile fiber it should have some characteristics. One important characteristic is length; to become a textile fiber it should have at least 5 mm length then it will be spin able and it must be supple, flexible and strong enough.
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| Fig: Different textile fibers |
Commonly textile fiber can be classified in two ways:
A. Primary properties of textile fibers
B. Secondary properties of textile fibers
A. Primary properties of textile fibers:
- High length to width ratio
- Tenacity
- Flexibility
- Spinning quality (Cohesiveness)
- Uniformity
- Physical shape
- Elastic recovery and elongation
- Resiliency
- Flammability and other thermal reactions
- Density
- Luster
- Colour
- Moisture regain
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Electrical Properties
- Thermal Properties
- Structural Properties
- Biological Properties
- Optical Properties
- Acoustic Properties
- Radiological Properties
- Environmental Properties
- Torsional Property
I have given the physical properties name with their unit. A textile fiber should have the following physical properties. They are as follow:
- Tenacity / Specific Strength (g/den)
- Length (cm/inch)
- Fineness (mic-value)
- Moisture Regain (MR %) and Moisture Content (MC %)
- Specific Gravity (g/cc)
- Elongation (cum/inch)
- Elastic Recovery (%)
- Initial Young Modulus (g/den)
- Breaking Length (km)
- Extension (%)
- Maturity
- Swelling R Water Relation %
- Static Electrification
- Glass-Transmission Temperature (T9)
- Crystalline Melting Point (Tm)
- Discoloration
- Specific Heat
- Burning Behavior
- Thermal Conductivity
- Pilling Behavior
- Limited Oxygen Demand (LOI %)
- Degradation
To identify a textile fiber, following properties plays an important role. Chemical properties are-
- Chemical Composition
- Effects of Acids
- Effects of Alkalis
- Effects of Organic Solvents
- Effects of Insects
- Effect of micro-Organism
The properties that describe a material's ability to compress, stretch, bend, scratch, dent, or break
- Young's modulus / Stiffness
- Tenacity
- Specific modulus
- Tensile strength
- Compressive strength
- Shear strength
- Yield strength
- Elasticity, etc.
- Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current
- Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ (Greek: rho), and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1)
- Resistance –Ohms (e.g. Resistance of Dyneema is > 1014 Ohm)
- Thermal conductivity
- Flammability
- Glass transition temperature
- Melting point
- Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
- Specific heat capacity
All of textile fibers have its own structure by which it can be identify.
- Fine Structure and Appearance
- Micro Structure
-Longitudinal View
7. Biological Properties of Fiber:
- Toxicity
- Ability to protect from biological weapons
- Bio-compatibity
- Anti-microbial properties
- Fungal resistance
- Absorbance
- Reflectivity
- Refractive index
- Optical density
- Transmittance
- Colour
- Photosensitivity
- UV visibility
- IR & NIR visibility
- Radar visibility
- Sonic velocity
- Sound absorption
- Ability to protect from atomic/nuclear radiations
- Photo-stability
- UV stability
- Weathering
- Oxidation
It is the property of fiber or material when a torsional force is applied on it. Here Torsional force is a twisting force that is applied on the two ends of the material in two opposite direction. The behaviors which are shown by a textile material when it is subjected to a torsional force is called torsional property.
- Torsional rigidity
- Breaking twist
- Shear modulus